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New Mammogram Guidelines – Lost public health opportunity?

On Monday, November 16, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a report modifying previous recommendations for breast cancer screening, now stating that women in their 40s should stop routinely having annual mammograms and older women should cut back to one scheduled exam every other year. The independent government-appointed panel cited evidence that the potential harm to women having annual exams beginning at age 40 outweighs the benefit.

This national discussion has had the potential to become an opportunity for public health to get its message across about the value of population-based positions such as this, and how they can be so difficult for individually-focused Americans to grasp.

Has this happened?

In some cases, yes.

Robert Aronowitz, an internist and at the University of Pennsylvania, wrote in a New York Times piece called Addicted to Mammograms, “you need to screen 1,900 women in their 40s for 10 years in order to prevent one death from breast cancer, and in the process you will have generated more than 1,000 false-positive screens and all the overtreatment they entail. This doesn’t make sense.”

On National Public Radio, Dr. Susan Love, a national expert on cancer prevention tried to reframe the individual consumer-focused concern by saying, “What we really need is to figure out what’s causing breast cancer in these young women and figure out a way to stop it.”

Arne N. Gjorgov, M.D., Ph.D. was more pointed, saying that “the early detection of the disease by whatever means (mammography or self-exam) had nothing to do with a real prevention of the growing numbers and incidence rates of the unabated and ever-rising breast cancer epidemic in the country and worldwide.”

As Barbara Ehrenreich wrote in the Los Angeles Times, leading women’s health groups such as Breast Cancer Action, the National Breast Cancer Coalition and the National Women’s Health Network supported the guidelines and have been warning for years about “the excessive use of screening mammography in the United States, which carries its own dangers and leads to no detectable lowering of breast cancer mortality.”

Ehrenreich argues that “the numbers are increasingly insistent: Routine mammographic screening of women under 50 does not reduce breast cancer mortality in that group.”

“One response to the new guidelines,” she says, has been that “numbers don’t matter — only individuals do — and if just one life is saved, that’s good enough.”

In fact, the debate has been framed by many around “the people v. the bean counters” – or “women and families v. those who are behind the death panels.”

But what about the other message – that of wise and efficient use of dollars toward prevention, improved public health, and identifying and reducing environmental and social causes of cancer in the first place? Why isn’t that that message not getting through?

Is public health losing this golden opportunity to tell its story?

What can be done now?


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62 Comments:

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51  Posted by Allyse Bourm on January 17th, 2010 at 05:34 PM

This notion makes sense in terms of number but it certainly doesn’t convince me to call up all the women in my family and tell them to skip a whole year of testing. I can see both sides clearly but until we do have a clear cause of breast cancer I don’t think it’s save to cut spending on this. If money is an issue there are many others ways to save in public health. By downplaying exams women may downplay the seriousness of breast cancer and the threat it plays in some many lives.

52  Posted by Amber Huhndorf on January 16th, 2010 at 09:50 PM

I believe that the recommendation is valid, but I also would address the women who are considered high risk to consult with their physician to develop a plan for their own health needs. If breast cancer is not in their medical history, I would still do the self exams to take precautions.

53  Posted by Anna Marquez on January 16th, 2010 at 05:20 PM

I believe that self examination benefits in finding a way to lower examination rates. Through public health they can find ways to give the word out about the self breast exams to keep higher possiblities of detecting breast lumps rather giving numerous examinations.

54  Posted by Thanh Danh on January 16th, 2010 at 12:36 PM

Women with a family history of breast cancer shouldn’t take the recommendation of testing breast cancer at the age of 40 to heart. Breast self examination is probably the most useful tool for early detection, if mammograms is known to increase the risk of cancer growth. Physicians should inform what is detected and how the test is done adequately. Whether its a self examination or a mammogram test, its better safe than sorry.

55  Posted by Anne Kelly on January 16th, 2010 at 12:21 PM

I feel that if self exams are in fact beneficial, than perhaps saving the money spent on mammograms and various other preventative procedures could be a good thing. However, I still think that it’s a good idea for women to get mammograms, especially if they have family members with breast cancer.

56  Posted by Elizabeth Henry on January 15th, 2010 at 06:30 PM

It’s good to know that women being able to do self breast examinations to see if they could possibly have breast cancer is a good thing, just because it will bring down healthcare costs so any way that we can do that is great!

57  Posted by Alison Parmenter on January 15th, 2010 at 05:16 PM

One of the reasons our nations health care is so outrageously expensive, is too much is spent on expensive tests and procedures, like MRI’s or mammograms, which have become common place.
Of course, everyone should have access to health care and preventive care, but unfortunately that is not going to happen in the near future.
I think screening for breast cancer saves lives, especially those who are considered ‘high risk’.  But, it looks like the getting the word out, and teaching women to self exam will be the new screening process.

58  Posted by Katie VanDeBerg on January 15th, 2010 at 04:44 PM

If mammograms are cost effective perhaps we should push for more self exams and use that money for other options to promote wellness.

59  Posted by Hannah Doyle on January 15th, 2010 at 11:39 AM

This topic is hard to come up with a solution because we do not know the cause of cancer, and therefore have a hard time using our dollars efficiently and making sure things aren’t wasted. Unfortunately right now we are left with the decision to save lives, or save dollars. Naturally, I would side with saving someones life no matter the cost, but it is not just an individual, it is thousands of people and dollars, so the scale goes up and I don’t know if it should be addressed to look at it as a whole, or to view it as it is someone’s loved one, whose life could be saved. I think life is more important, but with how much money is lost in negative mammogram tests, especially in this economy, it would be hard to persuade some people otherwise.

60  Posted by Kaylinn Dokken on January 14th, 2010 at 09:08 PM

While I do see the point about the number of false positives and the added cost to the health care industry, they have to be willing to ask themselves is eaven one life worth it.  It is worth it to gamble with womens lives. Depending on the type of cancer a small lump could become a large mass in a matter of months, and by that point it is too late. The cancer has had a chance to spread to other parts of the body making it harder to treat.  If I remember correctly from the news, a large number of doctors said they were going to stick with the old screening recomendations.

61  Posted by Tom Eversole on January 12th, 2010 at 03:51 PM

Well, I certainly think we missed a opprotunity to get out the message on the breast cancer prevention back in November, when new recommendations about mammography were released. The NIH lists some BC prevention points at:

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/breast/Patient/page3

But I’d also want to know the relative risk/protective factors associated with those prevention activities.

Conflicting information and recommendations without adequate context or “packaging” are confusing to the public and not a good example of health communication messaging. 

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62  Posted by Arne N. Gjorgov, MD, PhD on December 17th, 2009 at 12:31 PM

Dear Sir or Madam:
Referring to the debate about the new screening guidelines for breast cancer, and in attempt to respond to your question, “What can be done now?”
enclosed is my commentary to the issue as published in the New York Times (Online). I will appreciate hearing your reaction.
Respectfully yours,
Arne N. Gjorgov
December 17, 2009

FAREWELL TO CHEMICAL PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER
The unexpected controversy and confusion about the well-organized programs of mammographic screening for early detection of breast cancer in the population heralded a meltdown of this misconceived activity disguised as a “preventive healthcare” to women. The fiasco of the so-called “chemo-prevention” of breast cancer with Tamoxifen, distributed in community trial to healthy women in the population in many parts of the U.S. and Europe, had its long, costly and unsuccessful chance during the entire decade of 1990s. For, the current breast cancer epidemic has steadily continued to rise, and millions of women’s lives are at stake, in the country and worldwide. In the U.S., the number of affected women with breast cancer (including the in-situ cases) is assesses to be between six and eight million, with at least a quarter of them who perished, during the past three decades, after the early 1980s, and unabated and rising ever since. Without implementation of the etiological, primary (non-chemical, non-profit) prevention of the disease, by eliminating the defined root cause(s) of breast cancer as an epidemic disease, the holocausting of American and other women will go on and on. The (rapid) elimination of the breast cancer epidemic within the anticipated healthcare reform could prove to be a battle for women’s health and lives.
Arne N. Gjorgov, M.D., Ph.D. (UNC-SPH, Chapel Hill, NC)
Author of “Barrier Contraception and Breast Cancer,” 1980: x+164
— Arne N. Gjorgov, MD, PhD

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